Candle and soap making has been a part of daily life for centuries. The processes by which both are made have been refined over time, but they remain basically the same as when these necessities were first invented in the ancient world. Today, candle and soap making is an art that rests on traditions handed down through the generations. Candles can be made in a variety of ways. Most candles are either dipped, molded, rolled or sculptured. All candles are made using wax, usually paraffin, or beeswax or soy. Molds determine the candle's shape, and can be made of glass, plastic, metal or wood. The candle maker melts the wax, adds pigment and scented oil, if desired, and either dips the wick into the hot wax, or pours the wax into a mold. Creative touches, such as sand added to a mold, yield candles of rough texture. Flowers, berries and other materials can be added to molded candles for a unique three-dimensional look. Soap can be made with almost any oil or fat. However, harder fats usually make better soaps. Beef fat, or tallow, is the most commonly used material for making soap. Mixing lye, water and tallow in the optimum ratios at about 130 degrees Fahrenheit will gradually cause the mixture to turn into soap through a process called saponification. During this stage, soap can be scented or colored with oils and pigments. Soap is then poured into molds to cure for several days or weeks before it is used. Candle and soap molds come in decorative shapes that add interest. Candle and soap making has both come a long way from their origins as household necessities. Today's candle and soap makers use imagination to add style and beauty to their creations. |
